This time is directly proportional to how much skin you expose to the sun. If it's only face & hands you need a lot more than if you're in the swimsuit.
It would be interesting to know what clothing the 15-30 min tip assumes.
Also, sunlight through a window does nothing. You need the UV light.
Even if the filament somehow does (I doubt it), it won't make it through the glass of the bulb.
Looking online, I see that there is a hypothesis that nitric oxide has a protective effect against COVID, but I don't see that this hypothesis is any better tested than the hypothesis that vitamin D itself has a protective effect against COVID.
So, sunlight will probably get you the best of both worlds, as it would help either way, but there doesn't seem to be real evidence for nitric oxide vs vitamin D.
The alleged anti-covid benefits.
There's been no causal relation established so far.