One that occurred with certifying agencies in the financial crisis of 2008.
In a world with competing app-stores, if a store does its scrutiny properly, and is seen as too strict, then the apps will flock to get listed in other less-strict app-stores. Thus all stores are incentivised to relax the scrutiny to retain apps for their own survival. Sometimes to the point of simply rubber-stamping their approvals on crappy stuff.
Thus the end-users lose the benefits of proper curation.
But your comment really points out that not everybody wants that. So your scenario won't happen on practice.
But Apple are obviously not doing proper curation. They might be good at keeping viruses out, but what they have done to Wordpress and HEY was not proper in the least.
Competing app stores solves this 100% because there would definitely be a market for a developer friendly app store.