Trek is a mirror of Earth geopolitics from an American perspective in whichever year the show was written.

TOS-TNG: Klingons were Soviet-Russian, Romans were Chinese, the Federation was sexist (but much less so in TNG than in TOS) and pretended gay people didn’t even exist.

DS9: Lesbians and trans people exist, but only as exotic outsiders. Bajor feels inspired by Tibeten Buddhism and the final parts of the Northern Ireland Troubles.

VOY: ???

ENT: Nostalgia gone wrong followed by 9/11

DIS/PIC: Oh no Cold War enemies are a threat again / Oh no A.I.