I'd say that's an example of "shotgun parsing", which is a bad idea since we might have already performed some irrevocable actions by the time we notice part of the input is missing/invalid ( https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50852226/what-does-shotg... ). It's better to check for and parse all input up-front https://lexi-lambda.github.io/blog/2019/11/05/parse-don-t-va...

I write a lot of tools in Haskell, where 'getEnv' is an "IO action" whose type prevents us using it inside most code. The simplest way to handle this ends up with a "functional core, imperative shell" model, e.g. most of my CLIs have the form (where 'interact' takes a pure String -> String function and uses it to transform stdio):

    main = do
      foo <- either error id . parseFoo <$> getEnv "FOO"
      interact (doTheThing foo)

    doTheThing :: Foo -> String -> String
    doTheThing = ...

This is also trivial to test. Some languages make it easy to replace env vars inside a single expression (e.g. bash), but others require us to set and reset the global environment, which is painful and error prone (especially if tests are run concurrently).