It ran profitably for 27 years. [0]
It failed because it crashed and killed 109 people 3 years before they threw in the towel. [1]
[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concorde#Operating_economics
The airlines might have profited, but the R&D and manufacturing programs were a more or less write offs.
[1] https://simpleflying.com/british-airways-1-pound-concorde/
You can read about the supersonic experiments over Oaklahoma City in the 1960's to learn about the effects of sonic booms, and why people don't like them.
For reference, the Space Shuttle generated annoying sonic booms over west Los Angeles when landing at Edwards Airforce Base. The approach path to Edwards is more than 30 miles from west LA. So, for any supersonic airway, you'd need to set aside a roughly 60-70 mile wide swath of land. That's a lot of people voting to shut down your SST operation (or suing you).
Several European states without commercial airframers introduced supersonic overflight bans too and the Anti Concorde Project started in the UK so I don't think the argument it was all protectionism stands up anyway.
And realistically it also failed because while flying west makes sense as you could land "before" you took off, going east didn't work like that. Sure you're losing less time either way compared to a regular flight but flying east, you might as well take a slow flight to get some shuteye.
This problem still hasn't been solved.
1. Communication was not as instantaneous as today and more things required face to face meetings.
2. You could basically walk onto an air plane with minimal security interference.
My dad said he flew the Concorde several times from Europe to NYC for business in the late 70s and early 80's and he said it was worth it in that context.
I should ask him how comfortable it was next time I see him. I've been inside of a Concorde that was turned into a museum piece and it is a pretty cramped airframe. I dunno how modern 2020 people would feel about the compactness.
Security lines weren't a thing until 2001. The Concorde operated from 1976 to 2003. The retirement was due to low passenger count due to a crash in 2000 and 9/11 in 2001.
Whether you can fly JFK-CDG in 8 hours or 4 hours, when you factor in how irritating airports are, parking, security line ups, waiting for baggage, etc, it still takes all day to make the trip.
Might as well save several thousand dollars and take a longer flight. I believe they would have to cut the flight time down to about an hour to justify Concorde pricing.