Narrowly scoped to GIGO, the concept can be traced more generally back to Charles Babbage in the 1800s.

> On two occasions I have been asked, 'Pray, Mr. Babbage, if you put into the machine wrong figures, will the right answers come out?' I am not able rightly to apprehend the kind of confusion of ideas that could provoke such a question.

I couldn’t tell you when the discussion about bias and unreliability in ML training sets started, not my field of expertise.