That's called the Just-World Hypothesis, and I don't know that anybody professes it as a policy framework, though regular people do and I think it could be said to underlie a lot of prejudices and bigotries in people who do affect public policy, but it has to be hidden unless you're Steve King (R-IA). Victim-blaming is very common in the US.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-world_hypothesis