Those are IP packet TTLs. Also useful in some cases for diagnosing mysterious RSTs and SYNs. Also useful in some cases to purposefully set low if there is route flapping.
The IP TTL field is unrelated to the topic - DNS and IP are sitting on the different OSI layers. Also, the traceroute command does not abuse this field, it’s just the way the IP protocol works. I.e. eBGP sets TTL to 1 by default, to prevent establishing relationships with the neighbors further that one hop away.
It's not abusing the TTL, it's working as designed
Re:What happens when you update your DNS
by closeparen on Tuesday June 23, 2020 @03:03AM
(#23610699)
AFAIK the design purpose of TTL is to prevent an infinite loop in case the route contains a cycle.
https://www.theregister.com/2013/02/15/star_wars_traceroute/