Personally I have never really seen the advantage of staticaly typed languages over say Python, but I do rely on the strict typing supplied by a database instead.
But it also serves as documentation of how any part of your program's state is structured at any point. To the degree a type system is sound, and to the degree your types are appropriately detailed, you can be assured the documentation is correct and up to date as long as the program compiles. This allows you to eliminate the question of "what does this data look like?" when you're reading code, and focus more on things like whether the logic is implemented correctly.
Since you mention it, I'll add that Python does have (optional, gradual) static typing, and a lot of work has gone into the type system in recent versions. It's worth spending a little time adding some static types in a project and seeing some of these benefits. When I last worked in Python, you had to run `mypy` to actually fail on static type errors, I don't know if this is still the case. But you could also use an IDE (like PyCharm, surely there are others) which will at least surface static type errors while you work.
8) learn a statically typed language with a good type system
Even if you end up preferring mainstream language X, learning a language that makes you think in expressions rather than operations, and a language that makes you think in contracts rather than knowing the runtime state in your head, is invaluable for learning how to design, structure and maintain a codebase