Given the age of these posts, the many of the numbers used are outdated, but most of the general ideas are still relevant. There are a few other concepts that would be worth mentioning these days even in this kind of high-level overview: Error handling and recovery has gotten really complex; drives will adjust how they perform read and program operations as the flash ages. Some drives do proactive scanning for data degradation to catch errors before they become uncorrectable. There are new ways for the host OS to provide hints about data lifetime and preferred data placement, which can be very helpful in avoiding unnecessary write amplification. In the absence of such hints, some drives have heuristics that try to infer data lifetime information based on IO patterns.