Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi was a German mathematician famous for his maxim "Invert, always invert". He believed that the solution of many hard problems can be clarified by re-expressing them in inverse form. Inversion forces new ways of thinking and helps uncover hidden solutions.
https://twitter.com/fermatslibrary/status/114459774698642227...
"Issue trees": Write your problem down "First principles": 5-whys, which you do e.g. in a post mortem "Second-order thinking": think of mid- and long-term consequences "Connection circles": side-effects
You maybe think about mental models of which there are a lot (https://fs.blog/mental-models/) and there are some cargo cults and fancy words around them.
They have their right to exist though, e.g. I really like to end a meeting early because of the law of diminishing returns. :)
some of them might be helpful in rare situations
Self-help is good but sometimes I wonder if people who yap about all these tools all the time even get anything substantial out of it.