And of course this only works if 1 apple = 1 orange = 1 fruit, which means that they are the same unit of measure, or, equivalently they are of substitutable types. It's even debatable of it's correct to say that 'if I have 1/3 of an apple and 1/3 of an orange, I have 2/3 of a fruit', so depending on what you want to do with your apples, oranges and fruit, your hierarchy may in fact break Liskov substitution. For example, if 1 apple + 1 orange = 2 fruit, so 2 fruit - 1 apple = 1 orange, so 1 apple = 1 orange, which is not true.
> In normal mathematical notation, 1/3 is interpreted as 1/3 of 1
Why would you deny the possibility of 1 being 1 list of fruits rather than 1 fruit?
In the original example, it was 1 table of students, not 1 student.
Everything you say after that is based on this broken assumption.