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Re:A Google Cloud support engineer solves a tough DNS case by jeffbee on Tuesday May 19, 2020 @02:41PM (#23238475)
OK, so a reason why this file might reflect reality is that some automatic system wrote the file and subsequently successfully ran sysctl -p, but there are dozens of reasons why the file and reality would differ. The only source of truth is sysctl(8) or reading files in /proc/sys, and these are the values that need to propagate to observability systems and decision-making.
Re:A Google Cloud support engineer solves a tough DNS case by atombender on Tuesday May 19, 2020 @03:28PM (#23239047)
The configuration management does whatever you tell it to. In this case, it's your responsibility to ensure that sysctl.conf is exhaustive, and there are ways to ensure that it is. If anyone applies changes on the side, they will be reverted on the next pass. Not saying it's easy, but it's not non-trivial. Making this exhaustive with /proc is another story.

Unfortunately, this is the only way until kernel folks start agreeing that random mutability is a good thing. Right now, the kernel has way too many mutation points, and it's not (as far as I know) possible to ask it for a "diff" against the defaults.