ATM, p-boot uses its own filesystem format optimized for quick and simple loading of data from storage during boot.
So you'd have to either use some spare partition (for example if you have swap partition on eMMC) or replace the existing boot partition contents with this filesystem. (It must be a MBR style primary partition, not GPT)
Then it's just a question of writing p-boot.bin somewhere (preferably uSD card, so you can go back to your original bootloader easily) And writing a boot partition using the p-boot-conf command as is described in the README, with a single boot config file like (that you'd have to modify this to match your OS):
no=0
name=Arch Linux 5.7 (eMMC)
atf=fw.bin
linux=Image
dtb=board.dtb
bootargs=console=ttyS0,115200 console=tty1 root=/dev/mmcblk2p2 rootfstype=f2fs rootflags=fastboot rootwait rw panic=3 cma=256M
initramfs=initramfs.img
Actually, p-boot will search for the boot partition also on the uSD card if it doesn't find it on eMMC, so if you have your OS on eMMC, you can try p-boot without touching your eMMC OS installation at all. You'd just place p-boot.bin and its custom boot partition on SD card. You'll lose some boot speed this way, since uSD card read speed is 24MiB/s but eMMC is typically 84-88MiB/sSo in short:
- find a space for p-boot boot filesystem partition
- figure out a config file for your system's boot configuration
- format the boot partition using p-boot-conf tool
- dd the p-boot.bin to the boot location on SD or eMMC (or both)
- (you can do all this with just a spare SD card, while the booted OS is on eMMC, and roll-back by just removing the SD card)
You can see all of their pinephone related work here: http://xnux.eu/devices/pine64-pinephone.html
A few days ago I've published my custom bootloader for PinePhone: https://megous.com/git/p-boot/about/
It's the one I use for a quick booting to Linux: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxqdF7H_It8
Something to try if you have a pinephone and want to experience sub-second boot times.
Anyway, if you like bringing up new hardware, or optimizing things, this is as good an opportunity as it gets to get pinephone and have fun. There are lots and lots of areas that can be optimized and improved in usersapce and in the kernel and you can do whatever you fancy or want to learn about. It's all being developed by random people on the internet. ;)