> Is there some other "efficient" way to read a website that involves some non-linear sequence of jumps around the page?

Yeah, it's called skimming and scanning [1].

This is why things like information hierarchy [2] and vertical rhythm [3] are emphasized in modern design.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_reading#Skimming_and_sca...

[2] https://zevendesign.com/designers-guide-to-visual-hierarchy/

[3] https://zellwk.com/blog/why-vertical-rhythms/