Bitwig uses JavaScript for MIDI controller scripting [1], then in version 3 they released The Grid [2] - which is a modular (but not low-level/basic DSP) visual environment allowing the creation of custom synths/effects. You can go deeper with Max for Live which is bundled with Ableton Live Suite. There is apparently a somewhat-hidden Ableton Python API. [3]

REAPER is probably the most-scriptable DAW of all, with an API using EEL, Lua, and/or Python. [4]

[1] https://www.kvraudio.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=268

[2] https://www.bitwig.com/en/community/learning/grid-lets-build

[3] https://julienbayle.studio/PythonLiveAPI_documentation/Live1...

[4] https://www.reaper.fm/sdk/reascript/reascripthelp.html