Re:Three typefaces for mathematics (2007) [pdf]
by lioeters on Monday March 23, 2020 @06:11PM
(#22669357)
Thank you, those are exactly the kinds of music typesetting/engraving software (and notation syntax) I was curious about.
Following a few links, I found a great overview:
MusiXTEX - Using TEX to write polyphonic instrumental music
http://icking-music-archive.org/software/musixtex/musixdoc.p... (pdf)
For Lilypond, here's an introduction that demonstrates how to "write music by typing text":
Lilypond: "Compiling" Music
For typesetting short snippets of music notation within TeX, you can use the MusixTeX package <https://ctan.org/pkg/musixtex>.