> Why aren't there enough masks available for everyone for inevitable outbreaks like this?

I don't know anyone who has conclusively demonstrated there are not. What we have right now are runs on Home Depot and the like buying out respirators and dust masks faster than the stores can restock them.

> Why don't we have the industrial capacity to manufacture masks in the US, leaving us reliant on foreign imports?

We haven't and aren't. 3M manufactures their masks in the US.