I had similar thoughts after finishing an engineering ethics course. Everything is an argument. Strong arguments often demonstrate their superiority over alternatives. The more dimensions the problem context has (or, of course, the more alternatives), the more difficult this becomes. Luckily, arguments can usually be abstracted to ethical frameworks or philosophical traditions.

Sometimes these wrappers are easier to reason about. Sometimes, if the problem context is a foreign government's pending social credit system whose design and implementation is clouded by deceit and unknown consequences, all we can do is turn to Aristotle and ask, "[How] can we teach others to be good citizens?"

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Don't take philosophy for the math-like thinking. Take math for that. Take it for the cool readings, discussions, and qt existentialist girls rarely found in compilers.