Slight clarification: SpaceX offers ride shares to distinct orbits, and customers can select what ride works best for their payload. Obviously if you're interested in an equatorial orbit, you're not going to select a launch from Vandenberg...

What are the major differences between the different orbits from the perspective of the passengers?

Well it really depends on what you want to do with your satellite. Are you trying to view earth? If so, then inclination and altitude matter, as they will determine what parts of earth’s surface you can see at all. Do you want to take pictures? Then you probably want something sun synchronous so the lighting is reliable. Need to do communication at high latitudes? You’ll want something like a polar orbit. At lower altitudes your orbit will decay faster due to aerodynamic drag.

It’s totally like riding the bus: you wouldn’t typically get off at just any stop and call it good.

Here’s a good YouTube on different types of orbits. Not sure if it covers everything but certainly entertaining:

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=PZAkiXNJIqc