I think it is relevant, that you listed professions where

    a) compensation is very high

    b) hours of work cannot be 're-arranged' due to critical life-safety or court-rules.

Clearly, STEM Academia is not one the above (even though apprenticeship hours are grueling).

I presume there are other professions that do not compensate that well, but have similar 'cannot move dates' constraints.

And it would be interesting to see women participation rates on those.

Perhaps this is a specific factor that has gone received proper attention in various analysis.