You can do:

  if ('error' in result) {
    console.error(result.error); // ok: result inferred as 'Failure' 
  } else {
    doThings(result.value) // ok: result inferred as 'Success<T>'
  }

Even though you used string there, it's pretty type-safe because if you have a typo in your string, the inferred types will propagate other type errors

  if ('errors' in result) { // typo
    console.error(result.errors); // Type error: result inferred as 'never' 
  } else {
    doThings(result.value) // Type error: result inferred as Success<T> | Failure
  }