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Re:US colleges struggling with low enrollment are closing at... by cbsks on Tuesday January 14, 2020 @12:14AM (#22042050)
For engineering advanced degrees, and I believe for the sciences as well, usually the professor you are working with will have grant money to pay for grad students which will go towards your tuition and stipend.

If you aren’t working with a professor doing research, you may have the option of being a TA, which would cover your tuition and stipend.

I never went to grad school, so others may be able to provide more detail.

Re:US colleges struggling with low enrollment are closing at... by michaelt on Tuesday January 14, 2020 @06:28AM (#22043807)
This is correct, there are a lot more funded PhD places in engineering and science than there are in the arts and social sciences.

Of course, an economist would point to the 'opportunity cost' [1] - if you leave a job paying £30,000 after tax to take a PhD with a tax-free stipend of £15,009 the 'opportunity cost' of doing a PhD is £14,991 a year.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity_cost [2] https://www.ukri.org/skills/funding-for-research-training/