For example, the cut(1) command is intended to do precisely what his f script does. But it's inconvenient because unlike many other commands it (1) doesn't obey $IFS and (2) the -d delimiter option only takes a single character. This could and should be remediated with a new, simple option.
I think the only thing preventing that change is that there's not enough interest in moving POSIX forward faster; certainly not like JavaScript.
Another problem are GNU tools. They have many great features but OMG are they a nightmare of inconsistency. BSD extensions tend to be much better thought through, perhaps because GNU tools tend to be lead by a single developer while BSD tools tend to be more team oriented.
So the way forward isn't to replace the organic evolution, it's to layer on processes that refine the proven extensions. And we already have some of those processes in place; we just need to imbue them with more authority, and that starts by not rolling our eyes at standardization and portability.
The answer is "no" here, because the alternative doesn't exist. Could it be created? Maybe in theory, but I suspect that the amount of stuff that you'd need to memorize (or learn to look up) to use it effectively would be about the same for any system that allowed a similar variety of work to be accomplished. If you are willing to trade off functionality for simplicity, then sure, it can be done. You can get it today by just not using all these tools at all, I suppose.