Try tasksel. It has a simple wizard-like setup. I used it to install Apache, PHP and MySQL on a server by following a video tutorial. You can preview the whole process in this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxuAwCKIoKg.

Unfortunately, it doesn't also install phpMyAdmin like MAMP does. But from a quick search, it seems that phpMyAdmin can be installed by running a single command in terminal.