"This framework is pretty powerful, and it allows to reformulate a bunch of different problems in machine learning and optimization as similar games. More in general, with the regret framework we can analyze situations in which the data are not independent and identically distributed from a distribution, yet I would like to guarantee that the algorithm is “learning” something. For example, online learning can be used to analyze

• Click prediction problems;

• Routing on a network;

• Convergence to equilibrium of repeated games.

It can also be used to analyze stochastic algorithms, e.g., Stochastic Gradient Descent, but the adversarial nature of the analysis might give you suboptimal results. For example, it can be used to analyze momentum algorithms, but the adversarial nature of the losses essentially forces you to prove a convergence guarantee that treats the momentum term as a vanishing disturbance that does not help the algorithm in any way."

Looks pretty interesting, and I'll be coming back to it as a paper, but don't head in there looking for advice on how to score that Udemy course at a deep discount! :)