The answer is we don't know what to do. Because it's already hard to figure what's a factor of factors. It's why we have to constantly be vigilant of our own subconscious biases.

For instance we know that fields dominated by women typically pay less than fields dominated by men. It's a factor in the pay gap overall.

Now, we could say that women chose those fields and those fields are just less desirable to the market and all that jazz.

However, there is something else that has been noted. When a field becomes dominated by women, the average pay decreases and when a field becomes dominated by men, the average pay increases. So the average pay of a field is also influenced by the group that dominates it.

Women aren't getting paid less because they take jobs like teaching and nursing. Teaching and nursing pay less because women dominate those fields.

So there are always factors upon factors upon factors and nothing exists in a vacuum. Visibility, negotiation, perceived job performance, and even the unknown are all influenced by the person being black.