Even assembly goes through a number of layers before it’s run. With microcode, virtual memory, and privilege rings there’s a number of things between the code and what it’s running on.

Yeah, that's why I used expressions like "closer to the lower levels" — you can descend in orders of abstraction/layers of reality, but it's more asymptotic or directional than anything else.

It's not like playing with an Arduino is getting me closer to understanding the underlying chemistry and physics. Which are also interesting to learn about...

But personally I think it's for the best that reality is inexhaustibly complex (from the perspective of human individuals).

> C feels "close to the metal" but at this point it's actually virtual metal.

Since you mention the Arduino, when you start out with it, you're most likely turning on digital pin e.g. D7 with digitalWrite(7, true), it's easy to understand and quick to implement.

But spend enough time on the Arduino (or C or Assembly or embedded in general) and you'll soon realize that all that function call is doing is basically the same as doing PORTD |= 0x80. That's a bit tougher to understand, but even quicker to implement, and once you've understood how that all works together, a lot of everything about computers and digital electronics becomes so much easier to understand.

Here's a more detailed guide for the Arduino example: https://www.instructables.com/id/Fast-digitalRead-digitalWri...

When you said rusty i thought you meant Rust for a moment :)