I would suggest checking out the WaSP interACT curriculum: http://interact.webstandards.org/curriculum/ It's a bit on the academic side, but it does do a good job of listing the many different competencies involved in web development, as it's easy to forget how much is involved.

I just helped in putting together a proposal for an advanced web dev course for a university, and it involved: semantics, offline/storage, graphics/3d, device access, multimedia, performance, cross-browser debugging/optimizing, user experience (web apps/mobile), SEO, and analytics. That course is frontend-focused and presumes previous experience with basic web dev technologies (HTML/CSS/JS).

Also, if you need HTML/CSS teaching materials, I've put some here: http://www.teaching-materials.org/htmlcss/ (JavaScript materials coming soon)