For example, how do you handle long running asynchronous processing, distributed pub sub, or services that have widely different performance and scaling characteristics?
If you haven’t seen this, it might be time to start looking for a more interesting job.
For a truly distributed system just look at a distributed hashtable. You can do it with a cloud provider, but it somehow contradicts the point of a DHT to control the nodes, does it not?
This is the only use case you see for what I described? Most data processing I saw works exactly like that, too: some compute cluster using a shared persistence layer (either object store or a network filesystem).
Edge computing, otoh, explicitly exists because not everything can be handled well in that way.