So here are some super rough pre-tax annual numbers for a STEM path in the US (looking at my peers who did physics and some of whom went into ML, which is what I did)

Grad student ~30k

Postdoc ~50k

Assistance professor ~ 100-150k

Distinguished full professor ~ 250k-350k

Industry after masters ~ 100-150k

Industry after PhD ~ 150-300k

Distinguish engineering fellow in industry (physics) >500k