Fine polluters proportionally based on net greenhouse gas emisions put the money into some kind of foreign aid fund.

Not sure why precedent is required, as such would be a logical fallacy; I will give an example because it sounds like that would reassure you that such policy could be just: in the U.S. you can sue the federal government to repeal regulations formed by arms of the executive branch. The requirements are different for different agencies, but for NOAA no damage to life or property is actually required for such a suit. One can simply argue that their rule is based on poor quality research.