Related to the post, some disk and filesystem reliability research in chronological order, including things from the author.

Disks:

An Analysis of Latent Sector Errors in Disk Drives (2007) https://research.cs.wisc.edu/adsl/Publications/latent-sigmet...

Failure Trends in a Large Disk Drive Population (2007) https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.c...

Cycles, Cells and Platters: An Empirical Analysis of Hardware Failures on a Million Consumer PCs (2012) https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/...

Flash Reliability in Production: The Expected and the Unexpected (2016) https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/fast16/fast16...

Filesystems:

IRON File Systems (how filesystems behave on disk errors) (2005) https://research.cs.wisc.edu/wind/Publications/iron-sosp05.p...

EIO: Error Handling is Occasionally Correct (2008) https://www.usenix.org/legacy/event/fast08/tech/full_papers/...

SQCK: A Declarative File System Checker (2008) https://www.usenix.org/legacy/events/osdi08/tech/full_papers...

All File Systems Are Not Created Equal: On the Complexity of Crafting Crash-Consistent Applications (2014) https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/osdi14/osdi14...

Filesystem error handling (2017) https://danluu.com/filesystem-errors/

Files are fraught with peril (2019) https://danluu.com/deconstruct-files/

And a DRAM reliability paper, for a more complete picture:

DRAM Errors in the Wild: A Large-Scale Field Study (2009) https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~bianca/papers/sigmetrics09.pdf