>However, the goods with the highest carbon footprint (concrete, steel) don't really have a "looks like it was made in russia" sort of badge that couldn't be easily removed/replaced.

Yeah, except people have tried to do this with aluminum by bringing it through Mexico and it doesnt' really work. This is partly why say 8517700000 from Vietnam like in my example is potentially subject to anti-dumping as if it were from China.

https://fortune.com/2016/09/09/chinese-aluminum-giant-is-tie...

Sure, it works for some handbags or sunglasses, even a few cargo containers of product, but any meaningful amount and forget about it.