Yes I sorely miss this in xcode. If it's in there and I am unaware of it, please sombody let me know!
I am writing C++ in both IDEs and VS is far more useful to me.
Xcode used to have this back in the day, it was called "Fix and Continue". It was dropped at some point around Xcode 4. RIP.
One problem I found was it doesn't work with generic methods though, not sure if MS is working on making that work. To me "Edit and continue" is a great tool.