It seems a little premature to proclaim "Near-Perfect Accuracy" on such a small sample size. It sounds to me like they may have overfit their model.
> don't necessarily generalize to the whole population
In my experience it is far more likely to mean "doesn't generalize well, and moving to a reasonable training set will reveal flaws in the model.
Of course, that does mean the results don't necessarily generalize to the whole population, which is why you do eventually need much larger sample sizes when you're working toward FDA approval.