Anecdotally my grandfather from India used to tell my father something similar as a child (and then him me), and he was born in the 1910’s in a village and very unaware of Jobs throughout his life. So I am confident that it’s from some Indian/Hindu school of thought. Only difference was he said “work hard first 30//enjoy next 30”.
Tangentially, is that actually 'a Hindu saying' - all I can find are other people quoting Jobs and claiming the same - or is it just something a guru said that Jobs happened to like and remember?