If you wanted a small fix as opposed to my preferred solution of burn it to the ground as an example to every other shitty industry. That fix would be to require insurance companies to be the primary bag holder. Not the patient. AKA a the 'independent' anesthesiologist can't sue the patient, he has to sue the insurance company. At least in that case everyone involved has deep pockets and a strong hand.

The reason I say burn it all down is medical billing would be considered outright criminal fraud and extortion in any other industry.

Imagine your mechanic engaging in surprise billing. Well yes my bill of $2500 was just for removing and installing the transmission. The $15,000 is the independent transmission rebuilders fee.