How to avoid Great Firewall, while blocking FB:
France could expect Facebook to deny requests for content originating in France, regardless of where FB servers are. No need for a Great Firewall; make FB implement the firewall.
Legal justification (if not ethical):
The server locations are irrelevant because the data has cross the border into France.
Enforcement (how to force FB to block itself):
Easy: make the executives criminally liable. Also, anyone working on FB infrastructure could be held criminally liable.
France is a big and important country, they have heft to get their way from companies like FB.
What's not reasonable is to force them to block people in other countries (and also those taking significant efforts to conceal their identity) - at least there is no international law (compared to international deals) justifying that anyhow.
I understand and support that companies have to comply to the laws of the country where they are operating/targeting an audience. If worldwide dispersion of content banned in your country is such a concern, you can either push it to the UN OR you make according deals with the states harboring the companies.
Otherwise you can go down the great firewall route and there's little difference between that and forcing hoster to effectively implement the firewall worldwide.
Real-life example: weed is legal in the Netherlands. So all neighbors could now force the Dutch to close all coffeeshops OR block all their citizens from entering the Netherlands. I don't see any difference to this case.
If Facebook were to pull out from France, there is almost nothing that France could do to force Facebook to comply.
This is why Google left the Chinese market. They did not want (or, more specifically, their employees refused) to comply with certain Chinese laws.