I think a lot of what you are talking about is due to a huge amount of 'papers' being nothing but coloration tests. Again, I think terminology is of utmost importance when discussing public perception so I would rather not talk about this as 'science'. It's 'research'.

I don't see a "No True Scotsman fallacy" here because I think I define it quite clearly: Can you provide accurate predictions? I'll concede that there exists a bit of grey area in that question, but the answer is heavily bi-modal.