I think that in general animals and people learn most efficiently by making mistakes. Sure, I am talking about mistakes that do not kill us. But even mistakes that kill, have hopefully a learning effect on those who observe.

I think as well that we as a society should learn to be more empathic, more tolerant, to learn how to forgive, and to avoid mob judgements.

Both, are my opinions. I don't know if there are any studies or references to this.

You learn by discussing.

Sure, that's what "listening and asking questions" is. But in the beginning, when you know very little, your default should be to absorb, not to espouse.