Right. Which begs a question... are the large-cap stocks that dominate the index funds overvalued relative to their fundamentals? That should be easy enough to determine, and we should see a lot of "hold" or "sell" from the analysts.

And if they're not overvalued, are index funds really a bubble?

> and we should see a lot of "hold" or "sell" from the analysts.

That's not how that works... Sell-side analysts have a systematic bullish bias, that's what they are paid for.

https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2017-01-20/wall-s...

The concept of "overvalued" assumes a valuation model that everyone agrees on. Large companies are complex organisms and equally complex to value. It follows, with ample evidence, that simple reductionist valuation models based on P/E, book value, and other easy-to-obtain numbers are going to be inadequate. And most valuation models are terrible at incorporating myriad risks.

Currently, I would argue that some large caps are clearly overvalued but others are also clearly undervalued, based on my own valuation model. The indexes are almost always a mixed bag but I buy individual large caps so that doesn't concern me much. It is rare for the entire market to become overvalued, in which case the smart move is not to buy in.

I wouldn't say simple reductionist valuation models are inadequate... just incomplete. Most of the time, a deeper analysis should be in line with rule-of-thumb tools like P/E. This is even more true for large companies that value not-losing over winning big.

If you can come up with a clever valuation mechanism that can reliably outperform the well-understood mechanisms, then enjoy pocketing the profits!