> In the Linux world, since syscalls are exposed by libc, other non-C runtimes (for example, Go) end up needing to make system calls on their own without the libc wrappers. Is such a system just not a thing in Windows?

Linux is pretty much the only operating system that considers the actual system call ABI to be stable. The BSDs and OS X all want you to use the platform libc instead to access system calls, while Windows uses kernel32.dll et al. as its stable interface.