Well, metrics didn't show it, neither do share prices. It was more a slight change in culture and everyday behavior that started roughly half a year later. Here have been some changes in management as well, so it can all be coincidence. My pet theory back than was Jeff kind of ignoring his own leadership principles gave a number of people the freedom to do the same thing. And at least in my opinion nobody rained them back in. But again, that's just my impression. And by all accounts Amazon as a company is still doing great.

One side effect of all that was managers being more risk averse. Some initiatives that could have been at least tried started to be blocked by red tape until the political environment was favorable. Did I mention that Amazon already was a pretty political place?