For an MDM solution on iOS there's a big list of supported profiles you can deploy after the MDM profile is installed ( see https://developer.apple.com/business/documentation/MDM-Proto... under "request types").
If the device belongs to the organization, you might not even know these profiles are installed, if it's a BYOD environment you know you are installing the MDM profile and if you open the settings page you can manually inspect which other sub-profiles have been installed by the MDM.
But you're right the MitM itself isn't built into the MDM, because that's a totally different product category ("Secure Web Gateway"). The MitM setup only works if you have an MDM to enforce the certificates and proxy setup upon the user.
For g suite location is under Mobile management. They list it as a find my phone type of feature. There's even a picture of it on their marketing.
I'm speaking to what's possible to accomplish out of the box with G Suite's Advanced MDM offering, without an extreme amount of additional effort.
(This is relevant because, when prompted to install a MDM profile, the MDM provider such as G Suite is visible to the end user)