macOS has had malware detection since Snow Leopard:
https://www.osnews.com/story/22059/snow-leopard-to-include-a...
Re:Windows 10 Debloat Script
by floatingatoll on Sunday July 21, 2019 @06:50AM
(#20490768)
You misunderstand how this system works. The Zoom removals were malware signature definition file update #45 and #46, iirc, since the feature went live years ago. I encourage further research.
It has little to do with the functions of Windows Defender. It was a special purpose function removing one very particular file from a specific location. It was not scanning your whole system, or downloads, for malware signatures.
When you say MacOS includes software that is "almost a carbon copy of Windows Defender," are you talking about something else? I am not aware of anything that comes with MacOS that has similar features to Windows Defender.