Now split the second column, and you understand the keyboard layout of pre-microprocessor ASCII terminals like the Teletype 33¹ and vi's own ADM-3A²

       011 010 
  0000  0   SP 
  0001  1   !  
  0010  2   "  
  0011  3   #  
  0100  4   $  
  0101  5   %  
  0110  6   &  
  0111  7   '  
  1000  8   (  
  1001  9   )  
  1010  :   *  
  1011  ;   +  
  1100  <   ,  
  1101  =   -  
  1110  >   .  
  1111  ?   /  

¹ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TTY33ASR.jpg

² https://catonmat.net/images/why-vim-uses-hjkl/lsi-adm3a-full...