If it says "we have a great atmosphere, and go clubbing every night" it's a party hostel.
If it says "we have family and dorm rooms, kitchens and car parking" it's probably for families or school trips.
There are also hostels used by people who are essentially homeless, though I've never seen one advertised. I knew someone who volunteered at one.
On hotels.com, what you're looking for is described as an "apart-hotel".
Somebody mentioned extended-stay hotels elsewhere as the closest analog in the US, but they tend to be focused on business travelers, and not always located in tourist areas. For example, there are a ton of extended-stay hotels near my office, but that's 30 miles outside Washington DC in the heart of the northern VA internet/tech zone (AWS, Google, the remnants of AOL, etc).
Edit - I'm looking at Hotels.com now, searching Inverness UK from the US site. "apart-hotel" is not an option under "Accommodation Type". Apartment is a distinct type from hotel, and it appears to be a mix of what you describe (bocks of apartments managed for vacation lets) and individual apartments (Airbnb-style).
Edinburgh has some.
https://www.adagio-city.com/gb/home/ has many across Europe (also listed on hotels.com).
(Curiously, the Talk page of that article suggests that Polish law doesn't even recognize the term "hostel", so all those places - both defined here and the kinds I stayed in - must really be something else.)
In principle, hostels have everything. A fridge, a kitchen and so on. In practice, though, you have to label all your food because there is one fridge for 50 people. You need to share the kitchen with everyone else too. Privacy is limited. Noise is biblical. Fucking party dickhead bros everywhere ruining everything. Creaky floorboards and noisy doors. I've done hostels all over Europe, and while there are exceptions, the exceptions tend to cost a bit more too.
Hostels are OK when you're young and broke and very adaptable. I used them a lot, and am grateful they exist. But they do NOT fulfill what the GP is asking about.