Excel is hamstrung by having to maintain backwards compatibility for an endless number of hacks.
For instance, it is notorious that
0.1 + 0.2 != 0.3
in binary exponent floating point math. Excel does funny stuff with number formatting that hides this, but it is like having a bubble under a plastic sheet that moves someplace else when you push on it -- numeric strangeness appears in different places.
The right answer is to go to decimal exponent floating point math, but that is only HW accelerated on IBM Mainframes, maybe on RISC-V at some point. You'll probably crash Excel if you have enough numbers in it for performance to matter, but Microsoft would be afraid of any performance regression and it would break people's sheets so it won't happen.
On a technical basis we could use an Excel replacement that has some characteristics of Excel, and other characteristics of programming languages; one old software package to look to for inspiration is
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TK_Solver
What makes it almost impossible to do on a marketing basis is that Excel is bundled into Microsoft Office so if you have an Office subscription you have Word, Powerpoint, Excel, Access, etc.
Then you say no, backwards compatibility problems. But how does Excel's need for backward compatibility make it hard to add "access control", "auditing", or "change tracking"?
Excel has change tracking, but like Jupyter notebooks and similar products it doesn't make the clean distinction between code and data that is necessary for it to be useful. (e.g. if I develop an analysis pipeline and use it for May 2019 it should be as easy as falling off a log to run it for June 2019)
The trouble with it is that it is a big distraction to the "non-professional programmer" who uses tools like Excel.
Also the kind of mistakes you've described can (and do) happen in other programming domains that are deemed more respectable.