Can NNs be corrected, like a child or a dog being told a firm "no" when doing the wrong thing? Can the conditions be replayed such that those conditions result in a different response with a human auditor providing the correct response?

I'm guessing the answer is currently no. Which is interesting because one of the early benefits touted for self-driving cars was that people might die, but a patch would ensure no one dies twice for the same reason (within reason, which is more than can be said for humans).